γ-Glu-Cys-Gly · GSH
Glutathione
Endogenous tripeptide Variable protocols
What it is
Glutathione is the cell’s primary thiol buffer: glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It quenches reactive oxygen species via glutathione peroxidase and conjugates electrophiles via glutathione S-transferases.
Benefits in plain language
What researchers and reference users usually mean when they talk about this compound. These are study themes and common claims — not a promise that it will do this in you.
- Your body’s main inside-the-cell antioxidant. Clinics push IV glutathione for “detox,” skin brightness, and recovery.
- What it actually does: helps recycle oxidative stress and supports liver conjugation chemistry.
- Skin-lightening talk exists in some markets; that is a cosmetic claim with its own risk profile.
- Oral glutathione absorbs poorly for many people; acetylated or IV routes are why clinics exist.
If a branded, FDA-approved product exists, that label is the only dose that is actually authorized. Research-chemical vials are a different object.
Mechanism of action
Reduced GSH donates electrons and is recycled by glutathione reductase using NADPH. Raising extracellular glutathione does not automatically raise intracellular GSH; cells prefer precursor amino acids, especially cysteine availability.
Possible side effects / caveats
Generally discussed as well tolerated parenterally, with asthma-type reactions possible if inhaled in sensitive people, and rare rash or abdominal discomfort. Oral GSH is a different pharmacokinetic problem than an injectable research vial.
Protocol ranges
| Source tier | Amount | Cadence | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cited parenteral | 200–600 mg | Several times per week | Wellness-clinic style figures; not a universal standard |
| Cited higher IV | 1000–2000 mg | Session-based | Medical/aesthetic clinic use; not a research-vial instruction |